692 A.2d 623
Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania.Submitted on Briefs July 26, 1996.
Decided April 10, 1997.
Appeal from the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board, No. A93-1338.
Lawrence P. Lutz, Butler, for petitioner.
Joseph Mack, III, Pittsburgh, for respondent.
Before DOYLE and LEADBETTER, JJ., and MIRARCHI, JR., Senior Judge.
DISSENTING OPINION BY: Senior Judge MIRARCHI, JR.
Robert J. Petrilla (Claimant) appeals from an order of the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Board) which affirmed the
Page 624
referee’s decision denying his petition for review. The issues raised on appeal are: (1) whether under Section 306(f) of the Workers’ Compensation Act (Act),[1] Claimant is entitled to reimbursement for home nursing care provided by his wife; and (2) whether a van equipped with special devices designed to enable Claimant to travel in his wheelchair constitutes “orthopedic appliances” under Section 306(f) of the Act.
Claimant, while employed by People’s Natural Gas Company (Employer), sustained a work-related injury on January 23, 1979 and began receiving total disability benefits pursuant to a notice of compensation payable. Due to the work injury, Claimant became a paraplegic, and he is currently confined to a wheelchair.
On December 11, 1991, Claimant filed a petition for review, alleging that Employer refused to provide medically necessary transportation and pay for reasonably incurred medical expenses for home nursing care provided by his wife. In its answer, Employer alleged that it had offered to retrofit Claimant’s vehicle with hand controls or other modifications to enable him to drive, that it had no obligation to provide the vehicle itself, and that it had no obligation to pay for the services provided by Claimant’s wife, who was not a duly licensed practitioner of the healing arts.[2]
To support the petition, Claimant and his wife testified at the hearing. Claimant also presented the deposition testimony of his treating physician, Gilbert Brenes, M.D. The following facts found by the referee are undisputed. Claimant needs home nursing care for regular catheterization, daily bowel training and assistance in getting in and out of bed, getting dressed and his daily exercises. In addition, Claimant must be turned in his bed every two hours to avoid skin problems. Claimant’s wife received training for home nursing care at the Harmarville Center where Claimant was treated. She provided home care for Claimant until she left him in April 1990. Employer thereafter provided nursing care until Claimant was discharged from the Harmarville Center on August 16, 1990 upon his wife’s return. Claimant’s wife again left Claimant in August 1991, and Employer has since provided nursing care for Claimant. Claimant requested reimbursement for the services provided by his wife in the amount of $100 per day.
The Harmarville Center prescribed a specially equipped van for Claimant because he could no longer transport himself in a standard size car with modified controls due to his medical conditions. Claimant requested $37,940 for such a van.
The referee denied Claimant’s petition, concluding that the services provided by Claimant’s wife did not fall within “services rendered by duly licensed practitioners of the healing arts” under Section 306(f)(1) of the Act, and further, that the requested van similarly did not fall within “orthopedic appliances” under Section 306(f)(4). On appeal, the Board affirmed the referee’s decision.[3]
Claimant first contends that the home nursing care provided by his wife is recoverable under Section 306(f)(1) of the Act in effect when Claimant filed the petition. Section 306(f)(1) provided that “[t]he employer shall provide payment for reasonable surgical
Page 625
and medical services, services rendered by duly licensed practitioners of the healing arts, medicines, and supplies, as and when needed . . . .”[4] Services provided to a claimant by someone who is not a licensed practitioner of the healing arts, to be recoverable under Section 306(f)(1), must be provided under the supervision of a practitioner, or at a minimum, by a referral from the practitioner. Morwald v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Engineering Refrigeration, Inc.), 599 A.2d 307 (Pa.Commw. 1991).
In this matter, it is undisputed that Claimant’s wife provided the care without any supervision of Dr. Brenes or any other licensed practitioner. Moreover, the mere fact that Claimant’s wife received training for the home nursing care of her husband at the Harmarville Center does not make her services compensable under Section 306(f)(1).
In Linko v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Roadway Express, Inc.), 621 A.2d 1188 (Pa.Commw. 1993), after the claimant sustained the work injury, his wife left her job as a nurse’s aide to care for the claimant. The claimant later sought reimbursement for the services provided by his wife during his convalescence. This Court held that the claimant was not entitled to reimbursement, noting, inter alia, that the claimant did not actually pay for the services rendered by his wife, and that her care for her husband was not different from that which husband or wife would perform for an injured spouse.
As in Linko, Claimant did not hire his wife for the home nursing care, nor did he pay for her services. Rather, she voluntarily provided the care to her injured husband. As the Supreme Court observed, “[t]he plaintiff cannot recover for the nursing and attendance of the members of his own household, unless they are hired servants” because such care by family members “involves the performance of the ordinary offices of affection, which is their duty . . . .” Goodhart v. Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 177 Pa. 1, 14, 35 A. 191, 192 (1896). Hence, the referee and the Board properly concluded that Claimant is not entitled to reimbursement for the services provided by his wife under Section 306(f) of the Act.
Claimant next contends that Employer must provide a specially equipped van to enable him to travel in his wheelchair. Section 306(f)(4) provides that the employer must pay for “medicines and supplies, hospital treatment, services and supplies and orthopedicappliances,[5] and prostheses.” 77 P. S. § 531(4) (emphasis added). Employer is willing to provide the necessary modifications to a van, but refuses to provide a van itself. Employer contends that the van requested by Claimant does not fall within “orthopedic appliances” under Section 306(f)(4).
In Rieger v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Barnes Tucker Co.), 521 A.2d 84 (Pa.Commw. 1987), this Court held that a wheelchair is an “orthopedic appliance,” and that devices which will aid the claimant in the use of his wheelchair, such as the bars placed in a bathroom, ramps leading to and from his home, as well as retrofitting of claimant’s automobile with hand controls, also fall within the definition of “orthopedic appliances” under Section 306(f)(4). The Court reasoned:
[A] wheelchair was in fact a necessity for the claimant, and if a wheelchair is necessary, then it logically follows that minor modifications needed to facilitate the use of the appliance must also be considered a necessity. . . .
[T]he intent of the Act is not that a claimant be forced either to rely upon the charity of his family and friends or to relyPage 626
upon hired assistance in order to perform those daily tasks, duties and business that he was previously able to perform, when a simple, inexpensive remedy is available at hand. If the claimant’s injuries make it impossible to leave his home, the remedial nature of the Act would be frustrated by a failure to provide a one-time expenditure.
Id. at 87.
In the matter sub judice, the referee accepted Dr. Brenes’ testimony and found that due to his conditions of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and rotator cuff syndrome in his right shoulder, which are related to the 1979 work injury, Claimant was no longer able to transport himself in a standard size automobile with modified controls, and that he therefore needed a van with various modifications. Dr. Brenes stated in his July 21, 1992 medical report:
I have, therefore, prepared a prescription for the type of vehicle that will be necessary to allow Mr. Petrilla to transport himself from place to place. I believe that such a vehicle is a medical necessity as it will enable him to obtain treatment without assistance and possibly alleviate the existing home care needs.
Employer has acknowledged and agreed that it is responsible for the necessary modifications to a motor vehicle, including a van, which would be necessary because of Claimant’s handicaps. However, Employer argues that it should not have to pay for the cost of the van itself.[6] The WCJ agreed and reached the conclusion that the issue was one of pure law and statutory interpretation and that a van was not an “orthopedic appliance” within the meaning of Section 306(f)(4) of the Act. The Board affirmed and the issue now presented on appeal is a further extension of this Court’s holding in Rieger; one which has not been squarely addressed in this Commonwealth, but has recently been addressed in our sister state of Maryland.
In R T Construction Co. v. Judge, 323 Md. 514, 594 A.2d 99
(1991), a quadriplegic injured worker filed a workers’ compensation claim for a specially equipped van and, inter alia, the cost of enlarging and remodeling his home to accommodate his “sip and puff” controlled wheelchair.[7] In an extensive and wide-ranging opinion which considered the case law and similar compensation statutes in a number of other states, including this Court’s decisions in Rieger and Bomboy,[8] the Maryland Court of Appeals held that a specially equipped van is not compensable “medical equipment or apparatus” under Article 101, § 37(a) of the Maryland Code (1957, 1985 Repl. Vol.), which is Maryland’s equivalent of our Workers’ Compensation Act provision. The R T
Court went further and, quoting A. Larson, 2 The Law of Workmen’s Compensation § 61.13(a), at 10-863 (1989), summarized the case law on the issue by stating that “[a]s to specially-equipped automobiles for paraplegics, the cases have uniformly denied reimbursement, on the ground that an automobile is simply not a medical apparatus or device.” 323 Md. at 531; 594 A.2d at 108
(footnote omitted).
While not controlling the resolution of the issue in this Commonwealth, of course, the statutory language in Maryland’s statute is strikingly similar to ours and compels the same logical analysis. First, “medical apparatus or prosthetic appliance” (Md.) and an “orthopedic appliance” (Pa.) have, for our purposes, almost identical definitions and are thus very similar in scope. Obviously, neither the phrase “medical apparatus or prosthetic
Page 627
appliance” nor the term “orthopedic appliance,” in this context, refers to a motor vehicle for general transportation use.[9] The general use of a vehicle must, of course, be distinguished from the retrofitting of that vehicle, without which the vehicle could not be operated by the claimant. It is the modifications and additional “appliances,” not the vehicle itself, which are necessary to accommodate the claimant’s work-related injury. Thus, the special retrofitting is an “orthopedic appliance,” Rieger, while a van itself is not.
Second, by analogy, while the special remodeling of an injured worker’s home to make it wheelchair accessible might be analogous to the cost of retrofitting a motor vehicle so that the vehicle is accessible to a paraplegic, the cost of the van itself might also be analogized to the cost of purchasing the home itself, which is noncompensable; to argue that these latter costs should be compensable is simply untenable.
Finally, considering only the cost of the van in this case, i.e., $37,940, which would have a limited life expectancy, we would have to further conclude that the expenditure would be prohibitive under Bomboy, where the Court found that a cost of $30,000 to $35,000 for additional modifications in the home to accommodate the claimant’s wheelchair were unreasonable after the employer had already spent $5,000 to convert the claimant’s basement into living quarters. The Bomboy Court opined:
Moreover, in Rieger, the employer modified the claimant’s home at a cost of $433.02. In this case, the employer had already provided approximately $5,000.00 in modifications, and the claimant now seeks additional modifications, at a cost of approximately $30,000.00 to $35,000.00
Because additional home modifications would result in a substantial cost burden on the employer, and because the claimant proposed no alternatives, we conclude that Rieger does not support the claimant’s request for an attached garage and a wheelchair lift.
572 A.2d at 250. The cost of providing a $37,940 vehicle would be equally as burdensome.
Accordingly, we affirm the determination of the Board.
ORDER AND NOW, April 10, 1997, the order of the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board in the above-captioned matter is hereby affirmed.
MIRARCHI, Jr., Senior Judge, dissenting.:
Robert J. Petrilla (Claimant) sustained a grievous work-related injury which rendered him a paraplegic and confined him to a wheelchair. He required home nursing care and medically necessary transportation. I must respectfully dissent to the Majority’s conclusion that a van equipped with special devices designed to enable Claimant to travel in his wheelchair does not constitute an “orthopedic appliance” under Section 306(f) of the Workers’ Compensation Act.[1]
The Harmarville Center prescribed a specially equipped van for Claimant because he could no longer transport himself in a standard size car with modified controls due to his medical conditions. Claimant requested $37,940 for such a van.[2] Employer is willing
Page 628
to provide necessary modifications to a van, but refuses to provide a van itself. Employer contends that the van requested by Claimant does not fall within “orthopedic appliances” under Section 306(f).[3]
In Rieger v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Barnes Tucker Co.), 521 A.2d 84 (Pa.Commw. 1987), this Court held that a wheelchair is an orthopedic appliance, and that devices which will aid the claimant in the use of his wheelchair, such as the bars placed in a bathroom, ramps leading to and from his home, and hand controls in an automobile, also fall within the definition of “orthopedic appliances” under Section 306(f). The Court reasoned:
[A] wheelchair was in fact a necessity for the claimant, and if a wheelchair is necessary, then it logically follows that minor modifications needed to facilitate the use of the appliance must also be considered a necessity. . . .
[T]he intent of the Act is not that a claimant be forced either to rely upon the charity of his family and friends or to rely upon hired assistance in order to perform those daily tasks, duties and business that he was previously able to perform, when a simple, inexpensive remedy is available at hand. If the claimant’s injuries make it impossible to leave his home, the remedial nature of the Act would be frustrated by a failure to provide a one-time expenditure.
Id. at 87.
In the matter sub judice, the referee accepted Dr. Brenes’ testimony and found that due to his conditions of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and rotator cuff syndrome in his right shoulder, which are related to the 1979 work injury, Claimant was no longer able to transport himself in a standard size automobile with modified controls, and that he therefore needed a van with various modifications. Dr. Brenes stated in his July 21, 1992 medical report:
I have, therefore, prepared a prescription for the type of vehicle that will be necessary to allow Mr. Petrilla to transport himself from place to place. I believe that such a vehicle is a medical necessity as it will enable him to obtain treatment without assistance and possibly alleviate the existing home care needs.
As in Rieger, if the Claimant’s injuries make it impossible to leave his home, the remedial nature of the Act would be frustrated by a failure to provide a onetime expenditure. I, therefore, conclude that the van requested by Claimant in this matter falls within orthopedic appliances under Section 306(f). The referee found that the total bid for the requested modified van submitted by Claimant was not itemized and called for a more expensive model, equipment and furnishings than approved as necessary by the Harmarville Center.[4] Hence, I would reverse the order of the Board to the extent that it affirmed the referee’s decision to deny Claimant’s request for the van, and remand this matterter to the Board who in turn would refer the matter to the referee for a determination of a reasonable amount to be awarded to Claimant for the prescribed van.